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Shoulder Dislocation in Football Players

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Introduction

Shoulder dislocations are relatively rare injuries among football players that can significantly impact their performance and sideline them from the game. In this article we will cover the causes of shoulder dislocations in football, treatment options, effective rehabilitation techniques, and the importance of a comprehensive approach to ensure the player’s safe return to play.

What is a Shoulder Dislocation?

A shoulder dislocation occurs when the upper arm bone (humerus) pops out of its socket (glenoid) in the shoulder joint. This results in the separation of the bones and disruption of the surrounding ligaments and tissues.

Symptoms of Shoulder Dislocation

Here are some common symptoms associated with shoulder dislocations:

  • Acute onset of shoulder pain: Footballers who experience a shoulder dislocation will typically feel a sudden and intense pain in the affected shoulder. The pain may be severe and may worsen with movement or when pressure is applied to the joint.
  • Visible deformity: In some cases, a footballer’s shoulder may appear visibly deformed or out of place after a dislocation. This can be due to the displacement of the ball (head of the humerus) from the socket (glenoid).
  • Limited range of motion: Following a dislocation, footballers may experience a significant loss of range of motion in the affected shoulder. Movements such as lifting the arm overhead, reaching across the body, or rotating the shoulder may be restricted or cause discomfort.
  • Swelling and bruising: Swelling and bruising around the shoulder joint are common after a dislocation. The area may appear swollen and feel tender to touch. Bruising may develop in the days following the injury.
  • Instability and weakness: Footballers with a history of shoulder dislocations may experience a sense of shoulder instability or “looseness” even after the joint has been reduced (put back into place). The affected shoulder may feel weak and may be prone to future dislocations or subluxations (partial dislocations).
  • Numbness or tingling: In some cases, nerve-related symptoms may occur with a shoulder dislocation. Footballers may experience numbness or tingling sensations that radiate down the arm or into the hand.

It is important for footballers who suspect a shoulder dislocation to seek immediate medical attention. Prompt evaluation and treatment can help prevent further damage to the shoulder joint and facilitate a quicker recovery.

Causes of Shoulder Dislocation

Shoulder dislocations can be caused by various factors, including:

  • Trauma: Sudden and forceful impacts or falls onto an outstretched arm during tackles, collisions, or diving for the ball.
  • Previous shoulder injuries: A history of previous shoulder injuries can increase shoulder instability and increase the risk of disclocation.
  • Repetitive Stress: Repetitive overhead motions and excessive shoulder rotation can contribute to shoulder instability over time, increasing the risk of dislocations.

Assessment of Shoulder Dislocation

Accurate assessment of a shoulder dislocation is essential for proper diagnosis and treatment planning. The assessment may include:

  • Patient History: Gathering information about the mechanism of injury, previous shoulder dislocations, and associated symptoms.
  • Physical Examination: Conducting a thorough examination of the shoulder, assessing for pain, swelling, range of motion, and stability.
  • Imaging Studies: X-rays, MRI, or CT scans may be ordered to confirm the dislocation, assess any associated fractures or soft tissue damage, and guide treatment decisions.

Treatment Options for Shoulder Dislocation

The management of shoulder dislocations may involve various treatment options, depending on factors such as the severity of the dislocation, the presence of associated injuries, and the individual player’s needs. These options include:

  • Closed Reduction: Manipulating the shoulder joint to realign the bones back into their proper position without the need for surgery.
  • Immobilisation: Utilising a sling or shoulder immobilizer to restrict movement and allow the joint to heal.
  • Surgical Intervention: In cases of recurrent dislocations or severe injuries, surgical repair may be necessary to stabilise the shoulder joint and prevent future dislocations.

Products that may help

Resistance Band – Available here

Resistance bands are useful for performing strengthening work for the shoulder muscles.

Muscle Stimulator – Available here

The muscle stimulator is useful for reducing muscle atrophy to the muscles around the shoulder that occurs while the shoulder is immobilised.

Rehab Techniques for Shoulder Dislocation

Rehabilitation is crucial for restoring shoulder function, strength, and stability after a dislocation. The rehab techniques may include:

  • Pain Management: Utilising ice, pain medications, or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to alleviate pain and reduce inflammation.
  • Range of Motion Exercises: Gradually introducing gentle exercises to restore shoulder mobility, focusing on flexibility and stretching.
  • Strengthening Exercises: Implementing progressive exercises to strengthen the shoulder muscles, particularly the rotator cuff, to enhance joint stability.
  • Proprioception and Neuromuscular Training: Incorporating exercises that improve balance, coordination, and proprioceptive awareness to enhance joint control and reduce the risk of re-dislocation.
  • Sport-Specific Training: Gradually reintroducing football-specific movements, such as throwing, tackling, controlled falling, and overhead activities, to simulate game situations and ensure a safe return to play.

Conclusion

Shoulder dislocations can be challenging injuries for football players. However, with proper management, including accurate assessment, appropriate treatment options, and a comprehensive rehabilitation program, players can regain shoulder function, strength, and stability. The recovery time for shoulder dislocation can vary depending on factors such as the severity of the injury, associated damage, and individual healing capabilities. Each player’s rehabilitation progression will be tailored to their specific needs and progress, guided by their healthcare team. Patience, adherence to the rehabilitation program, and proper monitoring are crucial for achieving a successful recovery and a safe return to football.

Further Reading

Watson et al, (2016) – A clinical review of return-to-play considerations after anterior shoulder dislocation

Hasebroock et al, (2019) – Management of primary anterior shoulder dislocations: a narrative review

Donohue et al, (2016) – Return to play following anterior shoulder dislocation and stabilization surgery

Disclaimer

The information provided in this article is for educational purposes only and should not substitute professional medical advice. Always consult with a qualified healthcare professional for diagnosis, treatment, and personalised recommendations based on your specific condition. Some affiliate links may also be used in this article, these are from products we have specifically selected to display based on our own experience.

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