Perthes Disease in Football Players

Introduction

Perthes disease is a rare condition that can affect young football players. In this blog, we will explore what Perthes disease is, its underlying causes, treatment options, rehab techniques, and advice on managing this condition for young athletes in football.

What is Perthes Disease?

Perthes disease, also known as Legg-Calve-Perthes disease, is a childhood condition that affects the hip joint. It is a form of avascular necrosis, where the blood supply to the femoral head (the ball-shaped top of the thigh bone) is temporarily disrupted, leading to bone cell death and damage to the bone structure. As a result, the femoral head may become weak and irregular in shape, causing pain and reduced mobility in the hip joint.

Aetiology of Perthes Disease

The exact cause of Perthes disease is not fully understood. However, it is believed to be a combination of genetic factors and environmental triggers. Some possible risk factors for developing Perthes disease include:

Age: Perthes disease most commonly occurs in children between the ages of 4 and 10 years, during the growth phase of the hip joint.
Gender: Boys are more likely to be affected by Perthes disease than girls.
Blood supply issues: Disruption of the blood flow to the femoral head is thought to play a significant role in the development of Perthes disease.
Family history: Having a family history of Perthes disease or other hip conditions may increase the risk of developing the condition.
Other medical conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as clotting disorders or autoimmune diseases, may be associated with an increased risk of Perthes disease.

Symptoms of Perthes Disease

Typical symptoms of Perthes disease include;

Hip pain: Football players with Perthes disease may experience pain or discomfort in the hip, thigh, or groin area. The pain is often worse during physical activity and may be relieved by rest.
Limping: A noticeable limp may be present while walking or running, as the child tries to avoid putting weight on the affected hip.
Reduced hip mobility: Limited range of motion in the hip joint may be observed, making movements such as bending or rotating the hip difficult.
Muscle atrophy: Over time, muscle wasting (atrophy) may occur in the hip and thigh muscles due to reduced use of the affected leg.

Assessment of Perthes Disease

Medical history: The physiotherapist will take a detailed medical history, including the onset and duration of symptoms, family history, and any previous hip injuries or conditions.
Physical examination: A comprehensive physical examination will be conducted to assess hip range of motion, strength, and stability.
Imaging tests: X-rays, MRI, or CT scans may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis and evaluate the extent of bone damage in the hip joint.

Treatment Options for Perthes Disease

The treatment approach for Perthes disease depends on the severity of the condition and the child’s age. Some common treatment options include:

Rest and activity modification: Football players with Perthes disease may need to limit physical activity to reduce stress on the affected hip joint.
Physiotherapy: A tailored physiotherapy program will focus on hip strengthening exercises, joint mobilisation, and gait training to improve hip function and mobility.
Bracing or casting: In some cases, bracing or casting may be used to help support the hip joint and promote healing.
Surgery: In severe cases or when conservative treatments fail, surgical intervention may be considered to reposition the hip joint or stimulate blood flow to the affected area.

Products that may help

Foam roller with mini bands – Available here

The foam roller can be used for self massage on the IT band, quadriceps, and hamstrings. The mini bands are useful for strengthening or muscle activation work.

Rehab Techniques for Perthes Disease

Hip strengthening exercises: Targeting the muscles around the hip joint to enhance stability and support. Exercises may include hip abductions, hip extensions, and hip external rotations.
Flexibility exercises: Stretching tight muscles to improve range of motion and prevent imbalances. This may involve stretching the hip flexors, adductors, and internal rotators.
Core strengthening: Strengthening the core muscles, including the abdominal and lower back muscles, to provide stability and support to the hip joint.
Sport-specific training: Gradual reintroduction to football activities, focusing on proper knee technique and body mechanics.

Conclusion

Perthes disease can be a challenging condition for young football players, but with proper management and support from a physiotherapist, athletes can effectively recover and return to the game. Early diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and a structured rehabilitation program are essential to achieving successful outcomes. By providing comprehensive care and guidance, we can help young athletes overcome the challenges posed by Perthes disease and get back on the field with confidence and strength.

Disclaimer

The information provided in this article is for educational purposes only and should not substitute professional medical advice. Always consult with a qualified healthcare professional for diagnosis, treatment, and personalised recommendations based on your specific condition. Some affiliate links may also be used in this article, these are from products we have specifically selected to display based on our own experience.

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